Maths Learning

Comparison & Inequality Examples & Practice Problems

Work through examples and practice problems for comparison & inequality symbols.

Comparison & Inequality Examples

Work through these examples to understand how comparison and inequality symbols are used.

Symbol Usage Examples

Here are common usage examples for each symbol:

  • Less Than (<<): 3<53 < 5 means 3 is less than 5
  • Greater Than (>>): 5>35 > 3 means 5 is greater than 3
  • Less Than or Equal To (≤\leq): x≤5x \leq 5 means xx is less than or equal to 5
  • Greater Than or Equal To (≥\geq): x≥3x \geq 3 means xx is greater than or equal to 3
  • Much Less Than (≪\ll): Values differ by orders of magnitude (1≪10001 \ll 1000)
  • Much Greater Than (≫\gg): Values differ by orders of magnitude (1000≫11000 \gg 1)

Example Usage

Inequalities are commonly used to express ranges and conditions:

  • Range: 2≤x<102 \leq x < 10 means xx is at least 2 but less than 10.
  • Conditional: If x>2x > 2, then x2>4x^2 > 4 (for positive xx).
  • Comparison: π≈3.14\pi \approx 3.14, but π≠3.14\pi \neq 3.14 (they are approximately equal, not exactly equal).

Problem 1: Solve the inequality 3x+2<113x + 2 < 11

Solution:

  • 3x+2<113x + 2 < 11
  • 3x<93x < 9 (subtract 2 from both sides)
  • x<3x < 3 (divide both sides by 3)

Answer: x<3x < 3 or x∈(−∞,3)x \in (-\infty, 3)

Problem 2: Find all values of xx such that 2≤x<102 \leq x < 10

Solution: This means xx is at least 2 but less than 10.

Answer: x∈[2,10)x \in [2, 10) or {x∣2≤x<10}\{x \mid 2 \leq x < 10\}

Problem 3: Compare π\pi and 3.143.14

Solution:

  • π≈3.14159\pi \approx 3.14159
  • Since π>3.14\pi > 3.14, we write: π>3.14\pi > 3.14
  • However, π≠3.14\pi \neq 3.14 (they are approximately equal, not exactly equal)

Answer: π>3.14\pi > 3.14 and π≈3.14\pi \approx 3.14 but π≠3.14\pi \neq 3.14

Daily Life Applications

Comparison and inequality symbols help you make decisions, set boundaries, and understand relationships in everyday situations.

Budgeting and Spending Limits

  • Less Than (<<): Set spending limits. If your budget is $500 and you've spent $350, you have 350<500350 < 500, so you're within budget.
  • Less Than or Equal To (≤\leq): Define maximum allowances. If you can spend up to $100 on groceries, you write: spending≤100\text{spending} \leq 100.
  • Greater Than (>>): Compare prices. If Product A costs $50 and Product B costs $75, then 75>5075 > 50, so Product B is more expensive.

Temperature and Weather

  • Range Notation: Express comfortable temperature ranges. If you prefer temperatures between 68°F68°F and 72°F72°F, you write: 68≤T≤7268 \leq T \leq 72.
  • Comparison: Compare temperatures. If it's 75°F75°F today and 68°F68°F yesterday, then 75>6875 > 68, so today is warmer.

Age Restrictions and Requirements

  • Greater Than or Equal To (≥\geq): Express minimum age requirements. If you must be at least 1818 to vote, you write: age≥18\text{age} \geq 18.
  • Less Than (<<): Define age limits. If children under 1212 get a discount, you write: age<12\text{age} < 12.

Health and Fitness Goals

  • Ranges: Set target heart rate zones. If your target heart rate is between 120120 and 150150 beats per minute, you write: 120≤heart rate≤150120 \leq \text{heart rate} \leq 150.
  • Comparison: Track progress. If your weight was 180180 lbs last month and is 175175 lbs now, then 175<180175 < 180, showing you've lost weight.

Shopping and Discounts

  • Thresholds: Understand discount conditions. "Spend more than $100 and get 10% off" means: total>100\text{total} > 100.
  • Comparison: Compare deals. If Store A offers 20% off and Store B offers 15% off, then 20>1520 > 15, so Store A has a better discount.

Time Management

  • Deadlines: Express time constraints. If a project is due in less than 55 days, you write: days remaining<5\text{days remaining} < 5.
  • Schedules: Define time windows. If meetings should last between 3030 and 6060 minutes, you write: 30≤duration≤6030 \leq \text{duration} \leq 60.

Decision Making

When comparing options:

  1. Identify what you're comparing (prices, sizes, quantities)
  2. Use the right symbol (<< for "less than", ≤\leq for "at most")
  3. Check if boundaries are included (use ≤\leq or ≥\geq for inclusive, << or >> for exclusive)
  4. Verify your comparison makes logical sense

These symbols help you set clear boundaries and make informed comparisons in daily life!